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NOTE: This material does not necessarily refer to the most recent version of Java. For the most recent FAQs, see here.

Chinese Java I18n

How do I change the locale settings to get all compilation and runtime (warning, error and other) messages in English from JDK 1.3 on a chinese Windows 98?
I am running jdk1.3 on Windows NT (and 98). Can you point me to any implementation of Chinese localization?
How do you convert unicode to Chinese code?
I did not have problems with JRE1.1.x. But now that I have upgraded the JRE to 1.3.0, chinese characters are displaying as broken lines. Are there any special settings that need to be done on English Windows in order for the JRE to know that it is supposed to render chinese characters (as in Chinese Windows)?
How can we deal with Chinese code in a jdk1.0 applet?

Japanese Java I18n

My Windows locale is Japanese by default but I need my DOS Windows, where I run programs, to be in English. Is this possible?
Why are Japanese(kanji) characters not displayed by 1.3 VM on a multilanguage system?
The default font.properties.ja that comes with jdk has references to iso8859-1 encoding for some of the fonts. However, using xfd, it was determined that the english fonts mentioned therein do not exist. Why is this?
Why must I change the encoding name for the getBytes() method from SJIS to SHIFT_SJIS, for a Japanese database that uses JA16SJIS? This doesn't make sense, as SHIFT_SJIS is supposedly not a supported encoding, but using SJIS, some characters become '?' on the server side.
I followed the directions from your documentation on Adding Fonts to the Java Runtime, but I'm having difficulties trying to create an applet that will display Japanese characters on an English version of NT 4 with IE 5 and the Java plug-in (JDK1.2.2). Could you please tell me how to install and use the fonts. (Like, what components won`t work with non-English characters because of native stuff, etc)?

Korean Java I18n

I have encountered some difficulties in displaying Korean characters in JDK1.3 in Windows NT. I have a simple application that was used to demonstrate the ablity to display Asian charactersIt works when I run it using jdk1.1.8, But it will just display some square characters when I run it using jdk1.3. Could you tell me if you have made any changes in the development of jdk1.3 which could be causing this problem? Or else, could you let me know how to fix the problem?

Vietnamese Java I18n

Where can I get a Vietnamese IME?

General CJKV Java I18n

Can j2sdk1.3 support CJK(Chinese Japanese Korea) encoding? Can you, if possible, tell me whether and when the encoding will be supported in the future?
I would like to be able to input CJK (East Asian) text with a Java based Input Method Editor in our Java application running on, e.g., an English operating system. Could you please point me to existing IMEs available for use/purchase, or must we develop a Java based IME on our own?
I've been having problems obtaining Asian fonts for Windows NT4.0. I heard that these were available from the Microsoft Web Site, but i could not find them there. Can you tell me where i can download these fonts?

Chinese Java I18n

How do I change the locale settings to get all compilation and runtime (warning, error and other) messages in English from JDK 1.3 on a chinese Windows 98?
One workaround is to use the Regional Setting control panel to select English as the default language. The Java runtime picks up that default.

I am running jdk1.3 on Windows NT (and 98). Can you point me to any implementation of Chinese localization?
If you're using J2SDK 1.3 on Windows, you don't need the supplement, because it has been integrated into the base product. If you use the software on Simplified Chinese Windows, you should see messages from many tools (such as javac) as well as the Swing user interface items (such as the FileChooser) in Chinese. If you use the software on Traditional Chinese Windows, unfortunately it will still try to use the Simplified Chinese messages, and you'll see lots of question marks.

How do you convert unicode to Chinese code?
Convert to/from Unicode to any legacy encoding using either String or the Reader/Writers. Use Strings for relatively short pieces of text and the Readers and Writers for longer files or streams of text. Please look at the API docs for String and OutputStreamWriter.

I did not have problems with JRE1.1.x. But now that I have upgraded the JRE to 1.3.0, chinese characters are displaying as broken lines. Are there any special settings that need to be done on English Windows in order for the JRE to know that it is supposed to render chinese characters (as in Chinese Windows)?
This is a variant of bug 4346273 - see http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/bugParade/bugs/4346273.html. The engineer who's investigating this bug says in the TW local the new code in kestrel not only affects Bold, but all other styled logic fonts. KO and TW locals are traded off for the important JA locale.

How can we deal with Chinese code in a jdk1.0 applet?
Unfortunately, JDK 1.0 didn't support Chinese at all - it could only handle languages whose characters are part of ISO 8859-1. The first version of the JDK that supported Chinese was 1.1. That's also the first version that had font.properties files. Input method support then improved over time - see http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/guide/imf/overview.html#FAQ.

Japanese Java I18n

My Windows locale is Japanese by default but I need my DOS Windows, where I run programs, to be in English. Is this possible?
You need to find a command line option for CMD.EXE. If you can create a command shell that provides en_US as the default user locale, then javac will behave as you wish.

It may be possible in a future version of javac to use the user interface locale instead of the user's default locale. Windows 2000 just introduced the new "user interface" locale via GetUserDefaultUILanguage(), so you could set the user interface locale to be English and the default user locale to be Japanese. This could allow the DOS interface to display messages in English, while the default locale on the system is actually Japanese.

Why are Japanese(kanji) characters not displayed by 1.3 VM on a multilanguage system?
It turns out that for the 1.1.8 plug-in, the input locale does not have to match the default locale for the Japanese. But with the 1.2 and 1.3 plug-in, the input locale and default locale must be Japanese. The English still works fine. But this dependency on the locales matching is a restriction that was not evident in 1.1.8, so the problem is not that big of a deal.

The default font.properties.ja that comes with jdk has references to iso8859-1 encoding for some of the fonts. However, using xfd, it was determined that the english fonts mentioned therein do not exist. Why is this?
Those TT 8859-1 fonts mentioned in the font.properties.ja are in option font package which does not get installed by default in earlier Solaris release. You may want to install them and give your app a try again.

Why must I change the encoding name for the getBytes() method from SJIS to SHIFT_SJIS, for a Japanese database that uses JA16SJIS? This doesn't make sense, as SHIFT_SJIS is supposedly not a supported encoding, but using SJIS, some characters become '?' on the server side.
Shift_JIS is internally mapped to MS932 encoding, which is fully compatible with Microsoft CP932. And SJIS is JIS defined shift encoding. Win32 CP932 is a "superset" of SJIS.

I followed the directions from your documentation on Adding Fonts to the Java Runtime, but I'm having difficulties trying to create an applet that will display Japanese characters on an English version of NT 4 with IE 5 and the Java plug-in (JDK1.2.2). Could you please tell me how to install and use the fonts. (Like, what components won't work with non-English characters because of native stuff, etc)?
The modified SwingApplet.java and font.properties files have been tested under IE5, using the 1.2.2 plugin and everything displayed correctly. The font.properties file is not just a copy of the font.properties.ja file. The significant difference is that the font name for MS Mincho on a US English system is different than the name for the font that comes with a Japanese version of NT. The Japanese font name is actually in Japanese.

Run SwingApplet and if it works, then use the modified font.properties file.

Korean Java I18n

I have encountered some difficulties in displaying Korean characters in JDK1.3 in Windows NT. I have a simple application that was used to demonstrate the ablity to display Asian charactersIt works when I run it using jdk1.1.8, But it will just display some square characters when I run it using jdk1.3. Could you tell me if you have made any changes in the development of jdk1.3 which could be causing this problem? Or else, could you let me know how to fix the problem?
If this problem has happened on Korean Windows NT, could you please file a bug report with a small test case at http://java.sun.com/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi? Please convert the source code to ASCII using the native2ascii tool before submitting it - otherwise the Korean characters might get lost on the way to us.

If you're running on a non-Korean version of NT, then the situation is different. Then your JDK 1.1.8 must have a modified font.properties file. The syntax and content of font.properties files has changed, and you would have to create a new font.properties file, following the instructions at http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/intl/fontprop.html.

Vietnamese Java I18n

Where can I get a Vietnamese IME?
There is one available under the GNU license at http://vietime.sourceforge.net/.

General CJKV Java I18n

Can j2sdk1.3 support CJK(Chinese Japanese Korea) encoding? Can you, if possible, tell me whether and when the encoding will be supported in the future?
The J2SDK 1.3 supports a number of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean encodings, but (apart from Unicode) they're usually separate encodings, each of which covers just one language. You can refer to the page http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/intl/encoding.doc.html, which lists all the supported encodings.

I would like to be able to input CJK (East Asian) text with a Java based Input Method Editor in our Java application running on, e.g., an English operating system. Could you please point me to existing IMEs available for use/purchase, or must we develop a Java based IME on our own?
Input methods implemented in the Java programming language are supported starting with the new version 1.3 of Java 2 Standard Edition. You'll need a Java runtime that supports this version - Sun's implementation is currently available as a release candidate at http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3.

So far, I'm aware of input methods for this new version from two providers:

- Erik Peterson: http://users.erols.com/eepeter/chinesecomputing/programming/java.html#input
- SlangSoft: http://www.slangsoft.com/

I've been having problems obtaining Asian fonts for Windows NT4.0. I heard that these were available from the Microsoft Web Site, but i could not find them there. Can you tell me where i can download these fonts?
These fonts should be available as part of language packages that you could install with Internet Explorer.

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