| 3G |
Third generation (3G) wireless networks
will offer faster data transfer rates than current networks. The first
generation of wireless (1G) was analog cellular. The second generation
(2G) is digital cellular, featuring integrated voice and data
communications. So-called 2.5G networks offer incremental speed
increases. 3G networks will offer dramatically improved data transfer
rates, enabling new wireless applications such as streaming media. |
| 3GPP |
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP) is a global collaboration
between 6 partners: ARIB, CWTS, ETSI, T1, TTA, and TTC. The group aims
to develop a globally accepted 3rd-generation mobile system based on
GSM. |
| 802.11 |
802.11 is a group of specifications for
wireless networks developed by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 802.11 uses the Ethernet protocol and
CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) for
path sharing. |
| API |
An Application Programming Interface
(API) is a set of classes that you can use in your own application.
Sometimes called libraries or modules, APIs enable you to write an
application without reinventing common pieces of code. For example, a
networking API is something your application can use to make network
connections, without your ever having to understand the underlying code. |
| AMPS |
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) is a
first-generation analog, circuit-switched cellular phone network.
Originally operating in the 800 MHz band, service was later expanded to
include transmissions in the 1900 MHz band, the VHF range in which most
wireless carriers operate. Because AMPS uses analog signals, it cannot
transmit digital signals and cannot transport data packets without
assistance from newer technologies such as TDMA and CDMA. |
| CDC |
The Connected
Device Configuration (CDC) is a specification for a Java ME
configuration. Conceptually, CDC deals with devices with more memory
and processing power than CLDC; it is for devices with an always-on
network connection and a minimum of 2 MB of memory available for the
Java system. |
| CDMA |
Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a
cellular technology widely used in North America. There are currently
three CDMA standards: CDMA One, CDMA2000 and W-CDMA. CDMA technology
uses UHF 800Mhz-1.9Ghz frequencies and bandwidth ranges from 115Kbs to
2Mbps. |
| CDMA One |
Also know as IS-95, CDMAOne is a 2nd
generation wireless technology. Supports speeds from 14.4Kbps to 115K
bps. |
| CDMA2000 |
Also known as IS-136, CDMA2000 is a 3rd
generation wireless technology. Supports speeds ranging from 144Kbps to
2Mbps. |
| CDPD |
Developed by Nortel Networks, Cellular
Digital Packet Data (CDPD) is an open standard for supporting wireless
Internet access from cellular devices. CDPD also supports
Multicast, which allows content providers to efficiently broadcast
information to many devices at the same time. |
| cHTML |
Compact HTML (cHTML) is a subset of HTML
which is designed for small devices. The major features of HTML that
are excluded from cHTML are: JPEG image, Table, Image map, Multiple
character fonts and styles, Background color and image, Frame and Style
sheet. |
| CLDC |
The Connected,
Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) is a specification for a Java ME
configuration. The CLDC is for devices with less than 512 KB or RAM
available for the Java system and an intermittent (limited) network
connection. It specifies a stripped-down Java virtual machine1 called the KVM as well as several APIs
for fundamental application services. Three packages are minimalist
versions of the Java SE java.lang, java.io,
and java.util packages. A fourth package, javax.microedition.io,
implements the Generic Connection Framework, a generalized API for
making network connections. |
| configuration |
In Java ME, a configuration defines the
minimum Java runtime environment for a family of devices: the
combination of a Java virtual machine (either the standard Java SE virtual
machine or a much more limited version called the CLDC VM) and a core
set of APIs. CDC and CLDC are configurations. See also profile,
optional package. |
| CVM |
The Compact Virtual Machine (CVM) is an
optimized Java virtual machine1 (JVM)
that is used by the CDC. |
| Deck |
A deck is a collection of one or more WML
cards that can be downloaded,
to a mobile phone, as a single entity. |
| EDGE |
Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) is a
new, faster version of GSM. EDGE is designed to support transfer rates
up to 384Kbps and enable the delivery of video and other high-bandwidth
applications. EDGE is the result of a joint effort between TDMA
operators, vendors and carriers and the GSM Alliance. |
| ETSI |
The European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI) is a non-profit organization that establishes
telecommunications standards for Europe. |
| FDMA |
Frequency-division multiple-access (FDMA)
is a mechanism for sharing a radio frequency band among multiple users
by dividing it into a number of smaller bands. |
| Foundation Profile |
The Foundation
Profile is a Java ME profile specification that builds on CDC. It adds
additional classes and interfaces to the CDC APIs but does not go so
far as to specify user interface APIs, persistent storage, or
application life cycle. Other Java ME profiles build on the CDC/Foundation
combination: for example, the Personal Profile and the RMI Profile both
build on the Foundation Profile. |
| Generic Connection Framework |
The Generic Connection Framework (GCF) makes it easy for
wireless devices to make network connections. It is part of CLDC and
CDC and resides in the javax.microedition.io package.
|
| GPRS |
The General Packet Radio System (GPRS) is
the next generation of GSM. It will be the basis of 3G networks in
Europe and elsewhere. |
| GSM |
The Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM) is a wireless network system that is widely used
in Europe, Asia, and Australia. GSM is used at three different
frequencies: GSM900 and GSM1800 are used in Europe, Asia, and
Australia, while GSM1900 is deployed in North America and other parts
of the world. |
| HLR |
The Home Location Register (HLR) is a
database for permanent storage of subscriber data and service profiles. |
| HTTPS |
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
sockets (HTTPS) is a protocol for transmission of encrypted hypertext
over Secure Sockets Layer. |
| i-appli |
Sometimes called "Java for i-mode",
i-appli is a Java environment based on CLDC. It is used on handsets in
NTT DoCoMo's i-mode service. While i-appli is similar to MIDP, it was
developed before the MIDP specification was finished and the two APIs
are incompatible. |
| IDE |
An Integrated Development Environment
(IDE)
provides a programming environment as a single application. IDEs
typically bundle a compiler, debugger, and GUI builder tog
ether. Forte
for Java is Sun's Java IDE. |
| iDEN |
The Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network
(iDEN) is a wireless network system developed by Motorola. Various
carriers support iDEN networks around the world: Nextel is one of the
largest carriers, with networks covering North and South America. |
| i-mode |
A standard used by Japanese wireless
devices to access cHTML (compact HTML) Web sites and display animated
GIFs and other multimedia content. |
| Java ME |
Java 2, Micro Edition is a group of
specifications and technologies that pertain to Java on small devices.
The Java ME moniker covers a wide range of devices, from pagers and mobile
telephones through set-top boxes and car navigation systems. The Java ME
world is divided into configurations and profiles, specifications that
describe a Java environment for a specific class of device. |
| Java ME WTK |
The Sun Java Wireless Toolkit is a set of tools that provides developers with an
emulation environment, documentation and examples for developing Java
applications for small devices. The Sun Java WTK is based on the Connected
Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) and Mobile Information Device
Profile (MIDP) reference implementations, and can be tightly integrated
with Forte for Java |
| Java Card |
The Java
Card specification allows Java
technology to run on smart cards and other small devices. The
Java Card API is compatible with formal international standards, such
as, ISO7816, and industry-specific standards, such as,
Europay/Master Card/Visa (EMV). |
| JavaHQ |
JavaHQ is the Java platform control
center on
your Palm OS device. |
| JCP |
The Java Community Process (JCP) an open organization
of international Java developers and licensees who develop and revise
Java technology specifications, reference implementations, and
technology compatibility kits through a formal process. |
| JDBC for CDC/FP |
The JDBC Optional Package for
CDC/Foundation Profile (JDBCOP for CDC/FP) is an API that enables
mobile Java applications to communicate with relational database
servers using a subset of Java SE's Java Database Connectivity. This
optional package is a strict subset of JDBC 3.0 that excludes some of
JDBC's advanced and server-oriented features, such as pooled
connections and array types. It's meant for use with the Foundation
Profile or its supersets. |
| JSR |
Java
Specification Request (JSR) is the actual description of proposed
and final specifications for the Java platform. JSRs are reviewed by
the JCP and the public before a final release of a specification is
made. |
| KittyHawk |
KittyHawk is a set of APIs used by LG
Telecom on its IBook and p520 devices. KittyHawk is based on CLDC. It
is conceptually similar to MIDP but the two APIs are incompatible. |
| KJava |
KJava is an outdated term for Java ME. It
comes from an early package of Java software for PalmOS, released at
the 2000 JavaOne show. The classes for that release were packaged in
the com.sun.kjava
package. |
| kSOAP |
kSOAP
is a SOAP API suitable for the Java ME, based on kXML. |
| kXML |
The kXML
project
provides a
small footprint XML parser that can be used with Java ME. |
| KVM |
The KVM is a compact Java virtual machine
(JVM) that is designed for small devices. It supports a subset of the
features of the JVM. For example, the KVM does not support
floating-point operations and object finalization. The CLDC specifies
use of the KVM. According to folklore, the 'K' in KVM stands for
kilobyte, signifying that the KVM runs in kilobytes of memory as
opposed to megabytes. |
| LAN |
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of
devices connected with various communications technologies in a small
geographic area. Ethernet is the most widely-used LAN technology.
Communication on a LAN can either be with Peer-to-Peer devices or
Client-Server devices. |
| LCDUI |
LCDUI is a shorthand way of referring to
the MIDP user interface APIs, contained in the javax.microedition.lcdui
package. Strictly speaking, LCDUI stands for Liquid Crystal Display
User Interface. It's a user interface toolkit for small device screens
which are commonly LCD screens. |
| MExE |
The Mobile Execution Environment (MExE)
is a
specification created by the 3GPP which details an applicatio
n environment for next generation mobile devices. MExE consists of a
variety of technologies including WAP, Java ME, CLDC and MIDP. |
| MIDlet |
A MIDlet is an application written for
MIDP. MIDlet applications are subclasses of the javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet
class that is defined by MIDP. |
| MIDlet suite |
MIDlets are packaged and distributed as
MIDlet suites. A MIDlet suite can contain one or more MIDlets. The
MIDlet suite consists of two files, an application descriptor file with
a .jad extension and an archive file with a .jar
file. The descriptor lists the archive file name, the names and class
names for each MIDlet in the suite, and other information. The archive
file contains the MIDlet classes and resource files. |
| MIDP |
The Mobile
Information Device Profile (MIDP) is a specification for a Java ME
profile. It is layered on top of CLDC and adds APIs for application
life cycle, user interface, networking, and persistent storage. |
| MIDP-NG |
The Next
Generation MIDP specification is currently under development by the
Java Community Process. Planned improvements include XML parsing and
cryptographic support. |
| Mobitex |
Mobitex is a packet-switched, narrowband
PCS
network, designed for wide-area wireless data communications. It was
developed in 1984 by Eritel, an Ericsson subsidiary, a
nd there are now over 30 Mobitex networks in operation worldwide. |
| Modulation |
Modulation is the method by which a
high-frequency digital signal is grafted onto a lower-frequency analog
wave, so that digital packets are able to ride piggyback on the analog
airwave. |
| MSC |
A Mobile Switching Center (MSC) is a unit
within a cellular phone network that automatically coordinates and
switches calls in a given cell. It monitors each caller's signal
strength, and when a signal begins to fade, it hands off the call to
another MSC that's better positioned to manage the call. |
| Obfuscation |
Obfuscation is a technique used to
complicate code. Obfuscation makes code harder to understand when it is
de-compiled, but it typically has no affect on the functionality of the
code. Obfuscation programs can be used to protect Java programs by
making them harder to reverse-engineer. |
| optional package |
An optional package is a set of Java ME APIs
providing services in a specific area, such as database access or
multimedia. Unlike a profile, it does not define a complete application
environment, but rather is used in conjunction with a configuration or
a profile. It extends the runtime environment to support device
capabilities that are not universal enough to be defined as part of a
profile or that need to be shared by different profiles. Java ME RMI and
the Mobile Media RMI are examples of optional packages. |
| OTA |
Over The Air (OTA) refers to any wireless
networking technology. |
| PCS |
Personal Communications Service (PCS) is
a suite of second-generation, digitally modulated mobile-communications
interfaces that includes TDMA, CDMA, and GSM. PCS serves as an umbrella
term for second-generation wireless technologies operating in the
1900MHz range |
| PDAP |
The Personal
Digital Assistant Profile (PDAP) is a Java ME profile specification
designed for small platforms such as PalmOS devices. You can think of
PDAs as being larger than mobile phones but smaller than set-top boxes.
PDAP is built on top of CLDC and will specify user interface and
persistent storage APIs. PDAP is currently being developed using the
Java Community Process (JCP). |
| PDC |
Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) is a
Japanese standard for wireless communications. |
| PDCP |
Parallel and Distributed Computing
Practices (PDCP) are often used to describe computer systems that are
spread over many devices on a network (wired or wireless) where many
nodes process data simultaneously. |
| Personal Profile |
The Personal
Profile is a Java ME profile specification. Layered on the Foundation
Profile and CDC, the Personal Profile will be the next generation of
PersonalJava technology. The specification is currently in development
under the Java Community Process (JCP). |
| PersonalJava |
PersonalJava is a Java environment based
on the Java virtual machine1 (JVM) and a
set of APIs similar to a JDK 1.1 environment. It includes the Touchable
Look and Feel (also called Truffle), a graphic toolkit that is
optimized for consumer devices with a touch sensitive screen.
PersonalJava will be included in Java ME in the upcoming Personal Profile,
which is built on CDC. |
| PNG |
Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is an
image format offering lossless compression and storage flexibility. The
MIDP specification requires implementations to recognize certain types
of PNG images. |
| POSE |
Palm OS Emulator (POSE). |
| PRC |
Palm Resource Code (PRC) is the file
format for Palm OS applications. |
| preverification |
Due to memory and processing power
available on a device, the verification process of classes are split
into two processes. The first process is the preverification which is
off-device and done using the preverify tool. The second process is
verification which is done on-device. |
| profile |
A profile is a set of APIs added to a
configuration to support specific uses of a mobile device. Along with
its underlying configuration, a profile defines a complete, and usually
self-contained, general-purpose application environment. Profiles
often, but not always, define APIs for user interface and persistence;
the MIDP profile, based on the CLDC configuration, fits this pattern.
Profiles may be supersets or subsets of other profiles; the Personal
Basis Profile is a subset of the Personal Profile and a superset of the
Foundation Profile. See also configuration, optional package. |
| Provisioning |
In telecommunications terms, provisioning
means to provide telecommunications services to a user. This includes
providing all necessary hardware, software, and wiring or transmission
devices. |
| PSTN |
The public service telephone network
(PSTN) is the traditional, land-line based system for exchanging phone
calls. |
| RMI |
Remote method invocation (RMI) is a
feature of Java SE that enables Java objects running in one virtual
machine to invoke methods of Java objects running in another virtual
machine, seamlessly. |
| RMI OP |
The RMI Optional Package (RMI OP) is a
subset of Java SE 1.3's RMI functionality used in CDC-based profiles that
incorporate the Foundation Profile, such as the Personal Basis Profile
and the Personal Profile. The RMIOP cannot be used with CLDC-based
profiles because they lack object serialization and other important
features found only in CDC-based profiles. RMIOP supports most of the
Java SE RMI functionality, including the Java Remote Method Protocol,
marshalled objects, distributed garbage collection, registry-based
object lookup, and network class loading, but not HTTP tunneling or the
Java 1.1 stub protocol. |
| RMI Profile |
The RMI Profile
is a Java ME profile specification designed to support Java's Remote
Method Invocation (RMI) distributed object system. Devices implementing
the RMI Profile will be able to interoperate via RMI with other Java
devices, including Java 2, Standard Edition. The RMI Profile is based
on the Foundation Profile, which in turn is based on CDC. |
| RMS |
The Record Management System (RMS) is a
simple record-oriented database that allows a MIDlet to persistently
store information and retrieve it later. Different MIDlets can also use
the RMS to share data. |
| SDK |
A Software Development Kit (SDK) is a set
of tools used to develop applications for a particular platform. An SDK
typically contains a compiler, linker, and debugger. It may also
contain libraries and documentation for APIs. |
| SIM |
A Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) is a
stripped-down smart card containing information about the identity of a
cell-phone subscriber, and subscriber authentication and service
information. Because the SIM uniquely identifies the subscriber and is
portable among handsets, the user can move it from one kind of phone to
another, facilitating international roaming. |
| SMS |
Short Message Service (SMS) is a
point-to-point service similar to
paging for sending text messages of up to 160 characters to mobile
phones. |
| SOAP |
The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
is an XML- based protocol that allows objects of any type to
communicated in a distributed environment. SOAP is used in developing
Web Services. |
| SSL |
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a socket
protocol that encrypts data sent over the network and provides
authentication for the socket endpoints. |
| T9 |
T9 is
a text input method
for mobile
phones and other small devices. It replaces the "multi-tap" input
method by guessing the word that you are trying to enter. T9 may be
embedded in a device by the manufacturer. Note that even if the device
supports T9, the Java implementation may or may not use it.
Check your documentation for details. |
| TDMA |
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is a
second-generation modulation standard using bandwidth allocated in the
800 MHz, 900 MHz, and 1900MHz ranges. |
| Telematics |
Telematics is a location-based service
that routes event notification and control data over wireless networks
to and from mobile devices installed in automobiles. Telematics makes
use of GPS technology to track vehicle latitude and longitude, and
displays maps in LED consoles mounted in dashboards. It connects to
remote processing centers that turn provide server-side Internet and
voice services, as well as access to database resources. |
| Tomcat |
Tomcat is a reference implementation of
the Java servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP) specifications. It is
intended as a platform for developing and testing servlets. |
| UDDI |
Universal Description, Discovery, and
Integration (UDDI) is an XML-based standard for describing, publishing,
and finding Web services. UDDI is a specification for a distributed
registry of Web services. |
| UMTS |
Developed by Nortel Networks, Universal
Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) is a standard that will
provide cellular users a consistent set of technologies no matter where
they are located worldwide. UMTS utilizes W-CDMA technology. |
| VLR |
The Visitor Location Register (VLR) is a
database that contains temporary information about subscribers. |
| WAE |
The Wireless Application Environment
(WAE) provides a application framework for small devices. WAE leverages
other technologies such as WAP, WTP, and WSP. |
| WAP |
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a
protocol for transmitting data between servers and clients (usually
small wireless devices like mobile phones). WAP is analogous to HTTP in
the World Wide Web. Many mobile phones include WAP browser software to
allow users access to Internet WAP sites. |
| WAP Gateway |
A WAP Gateway acts as a bridge allowing
WAP devices to communicate with other networks (namely the Internet). |
| W-CDMA |
Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access
(W-CDMA), also known as IMT-2000, is a 3rd generation wireless
technology. Supports speeds up to 384Kbps on a wide-area network, or
2Mbps locally. |
| WDP |
Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) works as
the transport layer of WAP. WDP processes datagrams from upper layers
to formats required by different physical datapaths, bearers, that may
be for example GSM SMS or CDMA Packet Data. WDP is adapted to the
bearers available in the device so upper layers don't need to care
about the physical level. |
| WMA |
The Wireless Messaging API (WMA) is a set
of classes for sending and receiving Short Message Service messages.
See also SMS. |
| WML |
The Wireless Markup Language (WML) is a
simple language used to create applications for small wireless devices
like mobile phones. WML is analogous to HTML in the World Wide Web. |
| WMLScript |
WMLScript is a subset of the JavaScript
scripting language designed as
part of the WAP standard to provide a convenient mechanism to access
mobile phone's peripheral functions. |
| WSP |
Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)
implements session services of WAP. Sessions can be connection-oriented
and connectionless and they may be suspended and resumed at will. |
| WTLS |
Wireless Transport Layer Security
protocal (WTLS) does all cryptography oriented features of WAP. WTLS
handles encryption/decryption, user authentication and data integrity.
WTLS is based on the fixed network Transport Layer Security protocal
(TLS), formerly known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). |
| WTP |
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) is
WAP's transaction protocol that works between the session protocol
WSP and security protocol WTLS. WTP chops data packets into lower level
datagrams and concatenates received datagrams into useful data. WTP
also keeps track of received and sent packets
and does re-transmissions and acknowledgment sending when needed. |
